The roots of the Russia–Ukraine war that began in 2022 extend back to the period before the formation of the Soviet Union. The long-standing dynamics of tense relations gradually pushed Ukrainian society toward a pro-European political orientation, which was not unequivocally accepted by Russia. In the early years of the war that started in 2022, Russia held a significant military advantage. However, this momentum was curtailed by support provided to Ukraine by Europe and the United States. From 2024 onward, the war began to enter a phase of stagnation. After Donald Trump was elected president for a second time, active military operations gave way to a degree of de-escalation and a renewed negotiation process. Nevertheless, the often unrealistic demands of the parties involved have continued to prolong this process.