The most tragic tragedy of modern man and one of the personal and social problems that seriously threaten the health of millions of people in the world today is psychoactive substance addiction. In our society today, psychoactive substances appear as a social problem. This psychosocial trauma affects a large number of people and is increasingly interacting with other social traumas and becoming a deconstructive threat. The fight against this phenomenon requires recognition of all its dimensions (economic, social, psychological, etc.). Therefore, programs to prevent and treat addiction and psychoactive substance-related diseases in the fight against psychoactive substances will be successful in a real sense. The acceleration and diversity of changes in Iranian society and the accompanying structural and institutional changes have given a more complex and important impetus to youth issues, with the bold nature of the issues and conditions that young people find and grow up to be fundamentally different from those of previous generations. There is a need to explain the causes and underlying factors of addiction. In order to prevent and treat it with appropriate methods, the aim of this study should be to analyze, explain and improve the various perspectives on the etiology of psychoactive substance addiction, its treatment models and criticism. To better understand the levels and more constructive actions, the results of this analysis (research) show that the issue of addiction should be addressed with sufficient scientific and theoretical support and a comprehensive review and improve psychoactive substance dependence. All subjects and models in the field of psychoactive substance abuse treatment, from social workers to clinical psychologists and psychiatrists, must work together.